Understanding Turkey Chokes: The Basics
What is a Turkey Choke?
At its simplest, a turkey choke is a tube that screws into the muzzle of your shotgun. Its primary job is to constrict the shot column as it leaves the barrel. This constriction is what creates the tighter, more concentrated pattern you need for effective turkey hunting.
Choke Constriction Explained
Choke constriction is measured in thousandths of an inch, and the amount of constriction directly influences the pattern size and density. Different chokes are categorized by their degree of constriction. A full choke, for instance, has a greater degree of constriction, resulting in a tighter pattern at longer ranges. An extra full choke, specifically designed for turkey hunting, offers even more constriction, further tightening the pattern. It’s all about controlling the spread of the shot.
Material Matters
Chokes are usually made from a few different materials, each with its own benefits. Steel chokes are a common and affordable option. Stainless steel chokes offer increased durability and resistance to corrosion. Ported chokes, which have small vents near the muzzle, are designed to reduce recoil and muzzle rise. However, these might not always be ideal for every hunter, and the benefits of porting are often debated.
Threading
The threading of the choke is crucial. It determines how the choke fits into your shotgun. Make sure to confirm the exact threading pattern required by your shotgun make and model before purchasing any choke. This ensures the correct fit and performance.
Choosing the Right Choke for Your 20 Gauge
Factors to Consider
The selection of the best 20-gauge turkey choke is a process of careful consideration. There isn’t a single “best” choke for everyone. It all comes down to matching the choke to your specific needs.
The most important consideration is compatibility. Verify that the choke is designed for your specific 20-gauge shotgun model. Check the manufacturer’s specifications or the user manual to be certain. Different shotguns have different threading patterns. If the choke does not fit properly, it will not function correctly, and can even damage your gun.
Next, consider the ammunition you plan to use. Different types of shotshells, shot sizes, and loads will pattern differently with the same choke. The type of shot material (lead, tungsten, or a blend) also has a big impact. Some chokes are specifically designed for certain shot types, so it’s essential to match the choke to the ammunition.
Hunting range is critical. How far do you anticipate shooting at turkeys? If you primarily hunt in areas where shots are typically close-range, you may not need an extra-full choke. For longer ranges, a tighter choke will be necessary to maintain a dense pattern.
Your hunting environment also affects choke selection. Dense foliage can quickly absorb shot and reduce effective range. Open fields might provide longer shooting opportunities. Think about where you’ll be hunting and the shooting scenarios you’ll likely encounter.
Patterning Your Shotgun: The Definitive Step
Patterning is the single most crucial step in determining the ideal choke and load combination for your 20-gauge. It’s a process of shooting at a target at a specified distance and evaluating the pattern that results. This process determines the best results for your setup.
Start by setting up a large paper target at a reasonable distance. The standard distance for patterning a turkey shotgun is forty yards, but you might also pattern at closer ranges.
Shoot several rounds with each choke and load combination you’re testing. Carefully note the choke used and the shotshell specifications (brand, shot size, load weight).
After each shot, examine the pattern on the target. Pay attention to the density, that is, the number of pellets within a defined area. A good pattern will have a high concentration of pellets. Also, look for consistency. The pattern should be evenly distributed, without large gaps or “holes.” A solid, even pattern maximizes the chance of a clean, ethical kill.
Evaluating shot placement is also important. Ideally, you want the densest part of the pattern to impact the vital areas of the turkey, primarily the head and neck. Note where the pattern centers on the target.
Recommended 20 Gauge Turkey Chokes
Here are a few recommendations to get you started, but remember that individual performance can vary:
High-Performance, Budget-Friendly
For budget-conscious hunters looking for high performance, several options stand out. These chokes often provide excellent patterns at a reasonable cost. These can still deliver impressive results in the turkey woods.
Premium Performance Options
If you’re seeking the absolute best performance, premium chokes may be worth the investment. These chokes use advanced designs and materials to achieve exceptional patterns, especially at longer ranges.
Options for Various Ranges
If you anticipate various hunting scenarios, look for versatility. Some chokes perform very well at moderate distances. Then, you may want a choke that offers a slightly wider pattern for close-range encounters. Choosing the right choke is about optimizing your setup for the conditions you anticipate.
When choosing a choke, consider the features. Some have ported designs to reduce recoil, and some are designed specifically for certain types of ammunition, like tungsten super shot. Check the reviews. See what other hunters report about the performance and durability of the different chokes. Research is key.
Ammunition and the 20-Gauge
Selecting the right ammunition is just as crucial as choosing the choke.
Shot Types
Lead shot is an economical choice, and it’s been a standard for a long time. Tungsten shot is more expensive, but it is denser than lead, resulting in more energy on impact and tighter patterns. Tungsten Super Shot (TSS) is the densest option and is becoming increasingly popular. TSS creates incredibly tight patterns and extends effective range.
Shot Size
Number five, six, and seven shot are common choices for turkey hunting with a 20-gauge. The best choice depends on the choke, the shot type, and the anticipated shooting distance.
Load Weights
Load weights (measured in ounces) affect patterns. Heavier loads typically result in denser patterns, but they also produce more recoil.
Always select high-quality ammunition from reputable brands. Premium shells are often made with advanced components, resulting in improved patterns and performance.
Maximizing Your Hunt: Tips and Tactics
Beyond the choke and ammunition, a few key practices will enhance your turkey hunting success.
Proper Gun Handling and Shooting Techniques
Good gun handling is essential. Maintain a solid shooting stance and practice a smooth swing to the target. Proper trigger control is crucial.
Range Estimation
Accurate range estimation is vital. Turkey hunting requires precision. If you misjudge the distance, your pattern may not deliver enough pellets to the vital zone.
Scouting and Blind Placement
Scouting is another element. Know the areas where turkeys are active and set up in locations that increase your chances of a shot.
Blind placement matters. Position your blind where it provides good concealment and a clear view of likely turkey travel routes.
Cleaning and Maintaining Your Choke
Cleaning Frequency
Maintain your choke is crucial for consistent performance and longevity.
Clean your choke regularly, after each outing. Remove any debris that has accumulated, such as plastic wad residue or dirt.
Proper Cleaning Procedures
Cleaning involves using a choke tube brush with appropriate solvents. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
Storage
Proper storage is necessary. After cleaning, ensure the choke is dry. Store it in a safe place where it won’t be damaged.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Using the Wrong Choke for the Distance
Using the wrong choke for the range will reduce your effectiveness. You could wound the bird. Consider the distance when choosing your choke.
Not Patterning Your Gun
Failing to pattern your shotgun is a major mistake. You may have the best choke and ammunition, but if you haven’t patterned your gun, you don’t know how it performs.
Neglecting Gun Maintenance
Neglecting gun maintenance, in general, is always a problem. Keep your gun clean and functional.
Turkey hunting is a challenging sport, but with the right knowledge and the right equipment, success is within reach.
Conclusion: The Path to Turkey Success
Selecting the appropriate 20-gauge turkey choke is a key element in your turkey hunting arsenal. Understanding the principles of choke constriction, the factors that influence performance, and the importance of patterning your shotgun will significantly increase your chances of taking a gobbler.
The hunt for the perfect pattern is a journey, not a destination. Experiment with different chokes and loads until you find the combination that performs best for your shotgun, and your hunting style.
So, equip yourself with knowledge, choose the right choke, and get ready to enjoy the challenge and excitement of turkey hunting. Your dedication, and the right tools, will ultimately increase your chances of success.
