Safety First: Before You Begin
Unloading the Firearm
The very first and most critical step is always to ensure the firearm is completely unloaded. Treat every firearm as if it is loaded. This means always keeping the muzzle pointed in a safe direction, away from yourself and others. Begin by removing the magazine from the AR-15. Then, pull back the charging handle to cycle the bolt and eject any round that may be in the chamber. Visually inspect the chamber to make absolutely certain it is empty. Finally, lock the bolt to the rear. This allows you to physically and visually confirm the absence of any ammunition and ensures the firearm is in a safe state. Only then can you proceed.
Workspace Preparation
Now, ensure your workspace is suitable. Choose a well-lit area with plenty of room to work. A clean workspace helps prevent losing small parts and makes the process more manageable. Arrange your tools and supplies within easy reach. Consider wearing safety glasses to protect your eyes from any potential debris. Gloves are optional but can aid in gripping components and keeping your hands clean.
Gathering Your Tools and Supplies
To successfully remove your AR-15 stock, you’ll need the right tools. An AR-15 armorer’s wrench is the primary tool. This specialized wrench is designed to fit the castle nut, which secures the buffer tube to the lower receiver. Ensure you have the correct size wrench for your specific AR-15 configuration. A roll pin punch set is also highly recommended, especially if your AR-15 includes a roll pin that you may need to remove or adjust. This set contains punches of varying sizes to prevent damage to your rifle. Finally, have a hammer – a small, non-marring hammer is ideal. This will be used to gently tap components if needed. While a bench vise is not strictly necessary, it is highly recommended. A vise provides stability and makes the process much easier, especially when loosening the castle nut.
Optional Supplies
For optional supplies, a cloth or shop towels can protect the finish of your firearm. You may also choose to use a lubricant, such as a gun-specific CLP (Clean, Lubricate, Protect) to help loosen stuck parts and aid in reassembly. Considering purchasing a new castle nut when you perform this task. The castle nut is designed to be torqued to a specific value. Removing it and replacing it is a smart move to avoid potential problems.
The Step-by-Step Removal Process
The process of removing your AR-15 stock involves a series of deliberate steps. Remember to go slow and be methodical. Patience is key to avoiding any errors and protecting your firearm.
Removing the Pistol Grip (If Applicable)
If your AR-15’s stock design involves a pistol grip, you will likely need to remove it first to access the castle nut. Use the appropriate screwdriver to remove the screw from the bottom of the pistol grip. Once the screw is removed, gently pull the pistol grip down and away from the lower receiver. Set the pistol grip aside in a safe place.
Loosening the Buffer Tube
The next step is to address the buffer tube. If possible, place the lower receiver in a bench vise, clamping it securely but being mindful of not over-tightening or damaging the receiver. This provides a stable platform and makes it easier to apply the necessary force.
Removing the Castle Nut
Now, with your armorer’s wrench, carefully loosen the castle nut. Apply consistent pressure and turn the wrench counter-clockwise. The castle nut may be very tight, so be prepared to apply some force. Take your time and avoid stripping the nut or damaging the lower receiver. It may take some effort to break the nut free initially. Once it begins to turn, continue unscrewing the castle nut, moving it away from the receiver.
Removing the Buffer Tube, Spring, and Buffer
After removing the castle nut, carefully and gently remove the buffer tube. Be extremely cautious at this point, as the buffer spring and buffer may be under spring pressure. The spring and buffer can eject forcefully, potentially causing injury or loss of parts. Control the buffer tube as you slide it away from the receiver. Once the buffer tube is clear, carefully remove the buffer spring and buffer from the buffer tube. Be mindful that these small components are easy to misplace.
Separating the Stock from the Buffer Tube (or Receiver)
The final step is to separate the stock itself from the buffer tube or receiver, depending on the type of stock your AR-15 has. The exact procedure varies according to the stock design.
Collapsible Stock Removal
If you have a collapsible stock, it’s designed to be adjustable. You will have a locking mechanism to secure the stock in various positions. The removal process involves disengaging this mechanism. Usually, this is done by depressing a lever or button. Once the mechanism is disengaged, the stock will slide directly off the buffer tube.
Fixed Stock Removal
If you have a fixed stock, the removal method is slightly different. Fixed stocks are typically secured to the lower receiver using screw(s). Locate the retaining screw(s) and use a suitable screwdriver or Allen wrench to remove them. After removing the screws, the stock can be slid off the buffer tube.
Optional Cleaning
With the stock removed, you now have access to the lower receiver components and other areas you may want to clean. If you’re taking this opportunity to perform any cleaning, this is a perfect time to remove any built-up carbon or debris from your firearm.
Reassembly and Function Check
Following the disassembly, you are ready to put everything back together. Begin by re-inserting the buffer spring and buffer into the buffer tube. Carefully align the buffer tube with the threads on the lower receiver. Then, screw the buffer tube back into place, remembering that it’s usually hand-tight only. Ensure it is straight and not cross-threaded.
Securing the Castle Nut
After reassembling the stock, place the receiver back into the vise (if you used one) and reinstall the castle nut. The correct tightening of the castle nut is essential. Use the armorer’s wrench to tighten the castle nut. It needs to be torqued to the manufacturer’s specifications. You can usually find the torque specification in your AR-15’s manual or online.
Reattaching the Pistol Grip
If your setup requires it, reattach the pistol grip. Align the pistol grip with the lower receiver and insert the screw. Secure the screw firmly, but avoid over-tightening. Over-tightening can damage the grip or the receiver.
Final Function Check
Once everything is reassembled, perform a function check. Cycle the charging handle to make sure the bolt moves smoothly and that the action of the rifle is working the way it should. Ensure that the bolt locks back when you pull the charging handle and is properly extracted when you release the bolt. Safety is of paramount importance during every step. Confirm that your AR-15 is functioning correctly before proceeding.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Even with a detailed guide, you may encounter problems. These are some common issues that you can run into when removing your AR-15 stock:
Tight Castle Nut
Sometimes, the castle nut will be incredibly tight. If this happens, try applying penetrating oil to the nut and letting it soak for a short period. Use your armorer’s wrench and apply steady, consistent pressure. You also may have to apply heat to the nut to help expand the metal. Be careful when applying heat.
Stripped Threads
Stripped threads on either the castle nut or the lower receiver are a serious issue. This can result from applying too much force or using the wrong tools. If you strip the threads, it is highly recommended that you consult a qualified gunsmith.
Buffer Spring Issues
The buffer spring may sometimes stick or become obstructed during removal or reassembly. If this happens, carefully inspect the buffer tube and buffer spring for any obstructions, such as debris or damage. Ensure they are aligned correctly. Re-lubricating may help the buffer spring move freely.
Stock Not Sliding
A stock that doesn’t slide off the buffer tube or receiver can be frustrating. Make sure you’ve released any locking mechanisms or removed any retaining screws. Check for any debris or obstructions that might be preventing the stock from sliding. Consider carefully examining the stock for any damage.
When to Seek Professional Help
While this guide covers the fundamentals, there are times when seeking professional assistance is the best course of action. If you encounter any difficulties during the process or if you are not comfortable performing a specific step, it is always best to consult a qualified gunsmith. A gunsmith has the expertise, tools, and experience to handle these tasks safely and effectively.
Conclusion
In conclusion, removing your AR-15 stock is a manageable process when approached with care, the right tools, and a commitment to safety. By understanding the steps involved and taking the necessary precautions, you can successfully remove your stock for maintenance, upgrades, or customization. Remember to prioritize safety above all else, starting with confirming the firearm is unloaded and continuing throughout the entire process. The knowledge gained from this guide will empower you to maintain your AR-15 with confidence. Practice the steps, familiarize yourself with the components, and remember that responsible firearm ownership includes understanding the mechanics of your weapon.
