The Rise of the Twenty Gauge in the Turkey Woods
A Growing Popularity
Hunting wild turkeys is a thrilling pursuit, a blend of patience, skill, and the right equipment. For those who appreciate a lighter, more manageable shotgun, the twenty-gauge has become a popular choice, and a potent one at that. But with a vast array of loads available, choosing the best ammunition can seem daunting. This article aims to guide you through the world of twenty gauge turkey loads, empowering you to select the perfect shells and maximize your success in the field.
Advantages of the Twenty Gauge
The twenty-gauge shotgun’s journey to turkey hunting prominence has been a fascinating evolution. While traditionally associated with smaller game, its capabilities for taking down tough birds were gradually recognized. The advancements in shot and wad technology, coupled with innovative shell designs, have transformed the twenty-gauge into a formidable contender.
The advantages are undeniable. One of the most significant is its lighter weight. This means less fatigue during long hunts, particularly beneficial for those who cover a lot of ground. The reduced recoil is another major benefit, making it more comfortable to shoot, and crucial for consistent shot placement. For younger hunters or those sensitive to recoil, the twenty-gauge offers a more accessible experience. Furthermore, many hunters find the twenty-gauge to be easier to handle in dense brush or tight blinds.
Addressing Misconceptions
A common misconception is that a twenty-gauge lacks the power necessary for a clean, ethical kill. This simply isn’t true. Modern twenty gauge turkey loads, packed with dense shot and engineered for optimal patterns, can deliver devastating results at ranges that rival many larger-gauge options. The key lies in understanding the nuances of load selection, which we will explore in detail.
Understanding the Anatomy of a Turkey Load
Pellet Size
To effectively choose the right twenty gauge turkey load, you must understand its key components. These elements directly influence its performance and ultimate effectiveness.
The size of the shot pellets is one of the most critical factors. For turkeys, you’ll typically choose between sizes #4, #5, or #6. Larger pellets (#4) are more effective at longer ranges due to their higher sectional density, but can result in fewer pellets in the pattern. Smaller pellets (#6) offer a denser pattern at shorter ranges, increasing the chances of a vital hit.
Your choice will be influenced by the typical engagement distance in your hunting area. In areas with open terrain, where longer shots are necessary, #4 shot may be the better choice. In tighter environments, where shots are generally closer, #5 or even #6 shot can be very effective. Personal preference also plays a role, as some hunters find the denser patterns of smaller shot sizes to be more confidence-inspiring.
Payload Weight
Payload refers to the weight of the shot contained within the shell. A heavier payload means more pellets, leading to a denser pattern and a higher probability of hitting vital organs. While twenty-gauge loads don’t typically offer the same payload weights as twelve-gauge options, the best ones utilize efficient designs and high-density shot materials to maximize the pellet count. Commonly, you will see payloads ranging from around one and a quarter ounces to one and three-eighths ounces. The overall pattern is what matters most when determining what is right for your setup.
Velocity and Distance
Velocity is the speed at which the pellets leave the barrel. A faster velocity generally translates to a flatter trajectory and greater effective range. Turkey loads are often engineered for high velocities, sometimes exceeding fifteen hundred feet per second (fps). However, it’s crucial to understand that higher velocity doesn’t automatically equal better performance. The shot material, payload, and choke tube all interact to determine the optimal combination for your setup. Be sure to note the distances the shells are designed to hit as well as the speed of the pellets at the muzzle.
Shot Materials
The material the pellets are made of has a significant impact on performance and ethical considerations. Traditionally, lead shot was the standard. However, due to environmental concerns, non-toxic alternatives are becoming increasingly popular.
Tungsten is a high-density option that performs extremely well. It provides superior penetration and produces tight patterns, offering the advantages of a heavier pellet within the standard payload. Another alternative is Bismuth, which is also non-toxic and a little less dense than tungsten, but it’s still a reliable choice that performs well. There are also copper-plated lead shots.
The choice of shot material comes down to a combination of your budget, hunting regulations, and personal preference. Research the requirements for hunting in your area to ensure compliance.
Key Decisions in Choosing Your Twenty Gauge Turkey Load
Considering Hunting Range
Making the right choice requires careful consideration of several factors.
The range at which you expect to take shots is paramount. If most of your shots are within thirty yards, a load optimized for those distances is ideal. If longer shots are a possibility, you’ll need a load designed to deliver a dense pattern at greater ranges. Patterning your shotgun (see section on patterning) is essential to determine the effective range of any load. This will help determine the best ammunition for your hunting location.
Matching with a Choke Tube
The choke tube, which is the constriction at the end of the barrel, significantly affects the pattern. You’ll likely need a “turkey choke” or an “extra full” choke designed to produce extremely tight patterns. It’s vital to match your chosen load with a choke tube that complements its performance. Experimentation is key. Different loads can react differently with the same choke.
Considering Gun Performance
Each shotgun is unique, and its performance with a particular load can vary significantly. Barrel length, bore diameter, and overall design all play a role. You must pattern your shotgun with any load you are considering to assess its pattern density and point of impact. Patterning provides the critical information you need to make an informed decision.
Recommendations for Great Loads
These are some highly regarded twenty gauge turkey loads, but always research your specific needs:
- Federal Premium 20 Ga 3″ Heavyweight TSS: Celebrated for its ultra-dense Tungsten Super Shot (TSS) pellets, this load offers exceptional range and downrange energy.
- Winchester Long Beard XR 20 Ga: Known for its long-range performance and the “Shot-Lok” technology that protects the pellets, resulting in tighter patterns.
- Hevi-Shot Hevi-13 20 Ga: A popular option, the Hevi-13 is a high-density, non-toxic load that delivers excellent knock-down power.
- Apex TSS 20 Ga: These are very specialized with the highest densities of tungsten in the market with a focus on extreme down range performance.
- Remington Premier Magnum Turkey 20 Ga: Another great load that does a great job with a good payload.
- Rio Royal Turkey 20 Ga: More affordable shells that provide an effective and affordable option for those seeking great shots.
- Kent Ultimate Turkey Tungsten 20 Ga: High quality and shot with tight and effective pattern performance.
- Browning TSS 20 Ga: Known for its premium TSS shot and excellent patterning performance.
- Fiocchi Golden Turkey 20 Ga: Another great and well respected load that does a fantastic job.
- Black Cloud TSS 20 Ga: Another high end load with the same premium benefits.
Remember to tailor your choice to your specific hunting environment and your individual shotgun’s performance.
Practicing Safe and Responsible Turkey Hunting
Hunting Responsibly
Safety is the absolute priority. Always treat every firearm as if it is loaded. Keep your finger off the trigger until ready to shoot, and be certain of your target and what lies beyond it. Respect the animal and the environment. Hunting should always be conducted in a responsible and ethical manner. Know your state’s hunting regulations and abide by them.
Effective Placement
Aiming for the head and neck is crucial for a quick, humane kill. Patterning your shotgun allows you to understand the pattern density at various distances and ensure that you are delivering a sufficient number of pellets to these critical areas.
Patterning Your Shotgun for Ultimate Success
The Importance of Patterning
Patterning is the process of shooting at a target to determine the pattern your shotgun produces with a specific load and choke combination.
Patterning provides essential information about the effectiveness of your setup. It allows you to:
- Determine the effective range of your load.
- Assess the pattern density at different distances.
- Identify the point of impact.
- Fine-tune your choke and load selection.
The Patterning Process
1. Prepare: Choose a large paper target (at least 30×30 inches). Set up the target at the distances you intend to hunt (e.g., 20, 30, and 40 yards).
2. Aim and Fire: Aim at the center of the target and fire at each distance. Use a stable rest to ensure accurate shots.
3. Analyze: Count the number of pellet strikes within a 10-inch circle around the point of aim. Also, note the overall pattern density and any gaps in the pattern.
4. Interpret: A good pattern will have a sufficient number of pellet strikes within the 10-inch circle, evenly distributed, with no large gaps. If the pattern is sparse or uneven, try a different choke, load, or both. Adjust your point of aim as needed.
Conclusion: Embracing the Twenty Gauge for Turkey Hunting
The twenty-gauge shotgun offers a compelling combination of performance and manageability. By understanding the characteristics of twenty gauge turkey loads and choosing the right ammunition, you can achieve impressive results in the turkey woods. Patterning is an essential step in optimizing your setup and ensuring clean, ethical kills. Embrace the advantages of the twenty-gauge, and enjoy the challenge and thrill of turkey hunting.
Call to Action
Explore the diverse world of twenty gauge turkey loads, and start experimenting with different options to find the ideal combination for your shotgun and hunting style. Share your favorite twenty gauge turkey load recommendations in the comments.
References
- Websites of ammunition manufacturers (Federal Premium, Winchester, Hevi-Shot, etc.)
- Outdoor and hunting magazines and blogs.
- Local gun stores and experienced turkey hunters.
